feat(doc): 新增 DOCX 转 Markdown Skill

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zhiye.sun
2026-08-25 11:22:43 +08:00
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---
name: docx-to-md
description: 将 Word .docx 文档转换为 Markdown,并提取基础结构、表格、链接和图片。适用于需要可读文本版本的 Word 文档;旧版 .doc、版式级还原或 Word 内容编辑不应触发本 Skill。
---
# Word 转 Markdown
使用 `scripts/convert.py` 将 `.docx` 转换为 Markdown。转换目标是保留可表达的内容结构,不承诺版式或内容无损还原。
## 执行边界
- 只接受存在的 `.docx` 文件,不把扩展名不同的文件当作 Word 文档处理。
- 默认输出到输入文件旁的同名目录;目录已存在时停止,不自动覆盖或删除内容。
- 只有用户明确同意覆盖时才传入 `--force`。该选项仅覆盖同名生成文件,不清理目录中的其他文件。
- 不自动安装依赖、访问网络或调用办公软件。
- 不擅自删除封面、目录、批注或其他语义内容,也不在转换时改写正文。
## 转换流程
1. 确认输入文件和输出位置;用户未指定时使用默认位置。
2. 执行:
```text
python scripts/convert.py <input.docx> [--output-dir <directory>] [--force]
```
3. 检查命令返回码、Markdown 文件、图片目录和警告清单。
4. 抽查标题、段落、列表、表格、链接和图片引用是否可读。
5. 向用户报告输出路径、转换统计和无法可靠处理的内容。
## 支持范围
转换器处理正文段落、常见标题样式、基础有序/无序列表、普通表格、外部超链接、粗体、斜体和嵌入图片。
以下内容可能降级或只产生警告:批注、修订、复杂编号、合并单元格、文本框、页眉页脚、脚注、公式、SmartArt、图表和内嵌附件。发现警告时不得声称转换完整;需要版式级保真时应改用专门的文档工具。
转换完成后,只有用户另外要求整理排版时,才使用 `format-md` 处理生成的 Markdown。
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interface:
display_name: "DOCX to Markdown"
short_description: "将 Word 文档转换为 Markdown 并提取图片"
default_prompt: "使用 $docx-to-md 将这份 Word 文档转换为 Markdown,并报告转换警告。"
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""使用 Python 标准库将 DOCX 的常见内容转换为 Markdown。"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import hashlib
import re
import sys
import zipfile
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from pathlib import Path, PurePosixPath
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
NS = {
"w": "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main",
"r": "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships",
"a": "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main",
"pr": "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/package/2006/relationships",
}
def qname(prefix: str, local: str) -> str:
"""生成 ElementTree 使用的完整命名空间标签。"""
return f"{{{NS[prefix]}}}{local}"
def escape_markdown(text: str) -> str:
"""转义会破坏普通行结构的 Markdown 字符。"""
return text.replace("\\", "\\\\").replace("|", "\\|")
@dataclass
class Result:
"""记录转换产物与可向用户展示的统计信息。"""
output_file: Path
images_dir: Path
paragraphs: int = 0
tables: int = 0
images: int = 0
warnings: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
class DocxConverter:
"""读取 DOCX 包并转换常见 OOXML 块级元素。"""
def __init__(self, source: Path, output_dir: Path, force: bool = False) -> None:
self.source = source
self.output_dir = output_dir
self.force = force
self.output_file = output_dir / f"{source.stem}.md"
self.images_dir = output_dir / "images"
self.relationships: dict[str, tuple[str, str]] = {}
self.heading_styles: dict[str, int] = {}
self.number_formats: dict[str, str] = {}
self.image_names: dict[str, str] = {}
self.result = Result(self.output_file, self.images_dir)
def convert(self) -> Result:
"""验证目标、解析文档并写入 Markdown 与图片。"""
if self.output_dir.exists() and not self.force:
raise FileExistsError(f"输出目录已存在:{self.output_dir}")
self.output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
with zipfile.ZipFile(self.source) as archive:
names = set(archive.namelist())
if "word/document.xml" not in names:
raise ValueError("文件不是有效的 DOCX:缺少 word/document.xml")
self._load_relationships(archive, names)
self._load_styles(archive, names)
self._load_numbering(archive, names)
self._detect_unsupported_parts(names)
root = ET.fromstring(archive.read("word/document.xml"))
body = root.find("w:body", NS)
if body is None:
raise ValueError("文件不是有效的 DOCX:缺少正文节点")
blocks: list[str] = []
for child in body:
if child.tag == qname("w", "p"):
rendered = self._render_paragraph(child, archive)
if rendered:
blocks.append(rendered)
self.result.paragraphs += 1
elif child.tag == qname("w", "tbl"):
rendered = self._render_table(child, archive)
if rendered:
blocks.append(rendered)
self.result.tables += 1
markdown = "\n\n".join(blocks).strip() + "\n"
self.output_file.write_text(markdown, encoding="utf-8")
return self.result
def _load_relationships(self, archive: zipfile.ZipFile, names: set[str]) -> None:
"""读取超链接和媒体关系,后续按关系 ID 解析目标。"""
path = "word/_rels/document.xml.rels"
if path not in names:
return
root = ET.fromstring(archive.read(path))
for rel in root.findall("pr:Relationship", NS):
rel_id = rel.get("Id")
target = rel.get("Target")
rel_type = rel.get("Type", "").rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
if rel_id and target:
self.relationships[rel_id] = (rel_type, target)
def _load_styles(self, archive: zipfile.ZipFile, names: set[str]) -> None:
"""识别标题样式 ID;同时兼容英文 Heading 与中文标题名称。"""
if "word/styles.xml" not in names:
return
root = ET.fromstring(archive.read("word/styles.xml"))
for style in root.findall("w:style", NS):
if style.get(qname("w", "type")) != "paragraph":
continue
style_id = style.get(qname("w", "styleId"), "")
name_node = style.find("w:name", NS)
style_name = name_node.get(qname("w", "val"), "") if name_node is not None else ""
match = re.search(r"(?:heading|标题)\s*([1-6])", style_name, re.IGNORECASE)
if not match:
match = re.search(r"heading([1-6])", style_id, re.IGNORECASE)
if match:
self.heading_styles[style_id] = int(match.group(1))
def _load_numbering(self, archive: zipfile.ZipFile, names: set[str]) -> None:
"""建立编号实例到列表类型的基础映射。"""
if "word/numbering.xml" not in names:
return
root = ET.fromstring(archive.read("word/numbering.xml"))
abstract_formats: dict[str, str] = {}
for abstract in root.findall("w:abstractNum", NS):
abstract_id = abstract.get(qname("w", "abstractNumId"), "")
level = abstract.find("w:lvl", NS)
fmt = level.find("w:numFmt", NS) if level is not None else None
if fmt is not None:
abstract_formats[abstract_id] = fmt.get(qname("w", "val"), "bullet")
for number in root.findall("w:num", NS):
number_id = number.get(qname("w", "numId"), "")
abstract = number.find("w:abstractNumId", NS)
if abstract is not None:
abstract_id = abstract.get(qname("w", "val"), "")
self.number_formats[number_id] = abstract_formats.get(abstract_id, "bullet")
def _detect_unsupported_parts(self, names: set[str]) -> None:
"""对存在但当前不能可靠转换的部件给出明确警告。"""
checks = {
"word/comments.xml": "文档包含批注,当前转换器不会输出批注内容",
"word/footnotes.xml": "文档包含脚注,当前转换器不会输出脚注内容",
"word/endnotes.xml": "文档包含尾注,当前转换器不会输出尾注内容",
}
for path, warning in checks.items():
if path in names:
self.result.warnings.append(warning)
if any(name.startswith("word/header") for name in names):
self.result.warnings.append("文档包含页眉,当前转换器不会输出页眉内容")
if any(name.startswith("word/footer") for name in names):
self.result.warnings.append("文档包含页脚,当前转换器不会输出页脚内容")
if any(name.startswith("word/embeddings/") for name in names):
self.result.warnings.append("文档包含内嵌附件,当前转换器不会提取附件")
def _render_paragraph(self, paragraph: ET.Element, archive: zipfile.ZipFile) -> str:
"""转换段落、超链接、基础行内格式和段落内图片。"""
parts: list[str] = []
for child in paragraph:
if child.tag == qname("w", "r"):
parts.append(self._render_run(child, archive))
elif child.tag == qname("w", "hyperlink"):
text = "".join(self._render_run(run, archive) for run in child.findall("w:r", NS))
rel_id = child.get(qname("r", "id"))
relation = self.relationships.get(rel_id or "")
if text and relation and relation[0] == "hyperlink":
parts.append(f"[{text}]({relation[1]})")
else:
parts.append(text)
text = "".join(parts).strip()
if not text:
return ""
properties = paragraph.find("w:pPr", NS)
if properties is not None:
style = properties.find("w:pStyle", NS)
style_id = style.get(qname("w", "val"), "") if style is not None else ""
if style_id in self.heading_styles:
return f"{'#' * self.heading_styles[style_id]} {text}"
numbering = properties.find("w:numPr", NS)
if numbering is not None:
level = numbering.find("w:ilvl", NS)
number = numbering.find("w:numId", NS)
depth = int(level.get(qname("w", "val"), "0")) if level is not None else 0
number_id = number.get(qname("w", "val"), "") if number is not None else ""
marker = "-" if self.number_formats.get(number_id, "bullet") == "bullet" else "1."
return f"{' ' * depth}{marker} {text}"
return text
def _render_run(self, run: ET.Element, archive: zipfile.ZipFile) -> str:
"""转换单个文字区段,并在当前位置追加图片引用。"""
chunks: list[str] = []
for child in run:
if child.tag == qname("w", "t"):
chunks.append(child.text or "")
elif child.tag in {qname("w", "br"), qname("w", "cr")}:
chunks.append(" \n")
elif child.tag == qname("w", "tab"):
chunks.append(" ")
elif child.tag == qname("w", "drawing"):
chunks.extend(self._render_images(child, archive))
text = "".join(chunks)
if not text:
return ""
properties = run.find("w:rPr", NS)
if properties is not None:
if properties.find("w:b", NS) is not None:
text = f"**{text}**"
if properties.find("w:i", NS) is not None:
text = f"*{text}*"
return text
def _render_images(self, drawing: ET.Element, archive: zipfile.ZipFile) -> list[str]:
"""提取 drawing 关系指向的包内媒体,使用内容哈希稳定命名。"""
rendered: list[str] = []
for blip in drawing.findall(".//a:blip", NS):
rel_id = blip.get(qname("r", "embed"))
relation = self.relationships.get(rel_id or "")
if not relation or relation[0] != "image":
continue
target = PurePosixPath("word") / PurePosixPath(relation[1])
normalized = str(PurePosixPath(*[part for part in target.parts if part not in {".", ".."}]))
try:
data = archive.read(normalized)
except KeyError:
self.result.warnings.append(f"图片关系无法读取:{relation[1]}")
continue
if normalized not in self.image_names:
suffix = Path(normalized).suffix.lower() or ".bin"
filename = f"image-{hashlib.sha256(data).hexdigest()[:12]}{suffix}"
self.images_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
(self.images_dir / filename).write_bytes(data)
self.image_names[normalized] = filename
self.result.images += 1
rendered.append(f"![图片](images/{self.image_names[normalized]})")
return rendered
def _render_table(self, table: ET.Element, archive: zipfile.ZipFile) -> str:
"""将普通表格转换为 Markdown;复杂合并关系以警告提示。"""
rows: list[list[str]] = []
merged = False
for row in table.findall("w:tr", NS):
cells: list[str] = []
for cell in row.findall("w:tc", NS):
if cell.find(".//w:gridSpan", NS) is not None or cell.find(".//w:vMerge", NS) is not None:
merged = True
paragraphs = [self._render_paragraph(p, archive) for p in cell.findall("w:p", NS)]
content = "<br>".join(part for part in paragraphs if part)
cells.append(escape_markdown(content))
rows.append(cells)
if not rows:
return ""
width = max(len(row) for row in rows)
padded = [row + [""] * (width - len(row)) for row in rows]
header = padded[0]
lines = [f"| {' | '.join(header)} |", f"| {' | '.join(['---'] * width)} |"]
lines.extend(f"| {' | '.join(row)} |" for row in padded[1:])
if merged:
self.result.warnings.append("文档包含合并单元格,Markdown 表格可能无法保持原结构")
return "\n".join(lines)
def parse_args(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> argparse.Namespace:
"""解析命令行参数。"""
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="将 DOCX 的常见内容转换为 Markdown")
parser.add_argument("input", type=Path, help="输入 .docx 文件")
parser.add_argument("--output-dir", type=Path, help="输出目录,默认位于输入文件旁的同名目录")
parser.add_argument("--force", action="store_true", help="允许覆盖同名生成文件,但不删除其他文件")
return parser.parse_args(argv)
def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
"""命令行入口,失败时返回非零状态。"""
args = parse_args(argv)
source = args.input.resolve()
if not source.is_file():
print(f"错误:输入文件不存在:{source}", file=sys.stderr)
return 2
if source.suffix.lower() != ".docx":
print("错误:只支持 .docx 文件", file=sys.stderr)
return 2
output_dir = (args.output_dir or source.with_suffix("")).resolve()
try:
result = DocxConverter(source, output_dir, args.force).convert()
except (FileExistsError, ValueError, zipfile.BadZipFile, OSError) as error:
print(f"错误:{error}", file=sys.stderr)
return 1
print(f"Markdown:{result.output_file}")
print(f"段落:{result.paragraphs},表格:{result.tables},图片:{result.images}")
if result.warnings:
print("警告:")
for warning in dict.fromkeys(result.warnings):
print(f"- {warning}")
return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
raise SystemExit(main())